A musical instrument with a big belly, a short and curved handle, a beam and a plectrum. Its curved back is made of 19 or 21 boards in the shape of a circle. The body is hollow. In the course of the front section called the chest, there are two small cavities on the sides called “roses”.
Oud instrument (written as “ud” in Turkish) is the ancestor of the European lute, name of which derives from “al-ud”. It isn’t a native Turkish instrument however it has been played in Anatolia for at the very least five centuries. Besides, in the history, the oud has been played by several civilizations in Central Asia, Mesopotamia, Iran, Arabia. Accordingly, there are several types of ouds besides Turkish oud. The oud instrument occupies an amazing place in Turkish Art Music, Turkish city music (in fasil orchestras) and in arabesk music. Oud has been known from the paperwork and oral tradition because the king, sultan or emir of musical instruments.
History of Oud
In some sources, it is said that Farabi invented the oud, however long earlier than Farabi, there are oud and comparable instruments in miniatures and reliefs. The principle reason why Farabi is perceived as an inventor is that he is a musician who has mastered the oud and the tuning system he brought to the oud. Farabi, who was one of those who gave probably the most comprehensive information in regards to the oud in his period, added the 5th string to the oud, which was a four-string instrument until that time. About the oud, Ibn Sina (980/1037) from Farabi says in his book Kitabu’ş Şifa that it is one of the most well-known instruments. Tells technical information comparable to chords and pitches with figures. While musical instruments had been mentioned within the Ikhwan-i Safa tracts within the 10th century, it was stated that the most beautiful of those was the oud.
The frets on the handle of the oud, preserved within the Farabi period, had been abandoned towards the end of the tenth century. The oud was beforehand played with a wooden plectrum. The well-known Andalusian musician Ziryab (11th century) replaced it with a plectrum made of eagle feather. In the present day, plectrums made of versatile plastic are usually used.
The oud instrument made its way to Europe by Spain. In the thirteenth century, the crusaders introduced it back to Europe, and in time, it grew to become the lute. That’s why lute takes its name after the oud (‘le ut’ in old French), however it’s been added different features from oud, like frets.
The oud, additionally which turned the center of attention in the Ottoman palace within the fifteenth century, gained an irreplaceable worth that the public began to make use of in classical Turkish music in the 19th century.
Oud instrument has a large soundbox connected to a brief neck. The instrument has a pear-shaped body which is a deep, striped bowl made from lightweight wood. The wood must be light because the bowl is meant to reverberate when it is struck. The soundboard, the entrance part of the body, accommodates one or , generally three sound holes. These sound holes could also be oval or they are often ornamented depending on the lands they are performed on. There’s a piece of fish-skin or leather between the bridge and the sound gap with a purpose to protect the belly from the strokes of the plectrum. The bowl of the oud is shaped by thin woods or ribs bent over a mold. The number of the ribs varies from 16 to 21. The tuning pegs of the oud are screwed to the pegbox.
The quality of the material used in the making of the oudis important. The more the fabric is diverse, the higher it sounds. A high-quality oud’s face is made from spruce. The tuning pegs and fingerboard are constructed from ebony. Maple, walnut, palisander and mahogany are used for the bowl.
The oud doesn’t have any commonplace size or number of strings. Yet basically, all of the types of ouds have 11 intestine strings which are organized in five double-programs with a sixth, single bass string. Oud is performed with a plectrum. Its fretless neck permits the instrument to generate any intervals or microtones particular to the Center Eastern music. Oud instrument is suitable for you to enjoy Turkish, Iran or Arab music by playing makams/maqamat.
Oudis played according to two schools of performance. The primary is “Ottoman” school and it accepts as principle the ornamentation of the sound, produced by delicate glissandos or the fingers and slight vibratos. The second approach is Egyptian approach, according to which the amount is amplified by firm strokes of the plectrum, which makes strings resonate. This type requires another kind of virtuosity.
There are essentially six types of oud when they’re considered according to their origin. Those types of oud principally differ in their timbre and there are small measurement variations between them.
Arabic oud is the most known oud instrument type and perhaps the most well-liked because of its romantic, rich and deep sound. It is heavier and slightly bigger comparing to Turkish ouds. Turkish ouds are employed in Turkey and Greece. They have a more treble sound. Syrian oud, which is a sub-type of Arabic oud generates lots of overtones. Iraqi ouds can also be classified under Arabic ouds. Its strings are tied to the bottom of the instrument. Because of this function, it is said that it has a floating bridge. Iranian oud, which can also be called Barbat is more distinct and on account of its form, it has a bass, deep, Persian sound.
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