A musical instrument with a big belly, a brief and curved handle, a beam and a plectrum. Its curved back is made of 19 or 21 boards within the form of a circle. The body is hollow. In the midst of the front part called the chest, there are small cavities on the sides called “roses”.
Oud instrument (written as “ud” in Turkish) is the ancestor of the European lute, name of which derives from “al-ud”. It is not a local Turkish instrument but it has been played in Anatolia for at the very least five centuries. Besides, within the history, the oud has been played by a number of civilizations in Central Asia, Mesopotamia, Iran, Arabia. Accordingly, there are a number of types of ouds besides Turkish oud. The oud instrument occupies a great place in Turkish Artwork Music, Turkish urban music (in fasil orchestras) and in arabesk music. Oud has been known from the documents and oral tradition because the king, sultan or emir of musical instruments.
History of Oud
In some sources, it is said that Farabi invented the oud, but lengthy before Farabi, there are oud and comparable devices in miniatures and reliefs. The principle reason why Farabi is perceived as an inventor is that he’s a musician who has mastered the oud and the tuning system he dropped at the oud. Farabi, who was a type of who gave essentially the most comprehensive information concerning the oud in his interval, added the fifth string to the oud, which was a four-string instrument till that time. Concerning the oud, Ibn Sina (980/1037) from Farabi says in his book Kitabu’ş Şifa that it is likely one of the most well-known instruments. Tells technical information such as chords and pitches with figures. While musical devices were talked about within the Ikhwan-i Safa tracts in the tenth century, it was said that essentially the most lovely of those was the oud.
The frets on the handle of the oud, preserved within the Farabi interval, have been deserted towards the end of the 10th century. The oud was previously played with a wooden plectrum. The famous Andalusian musician Ziryab (11th century) changed it with a plectrum made of eagle feather. Right this moment, plectrums made of versatile plastic are typically used.
The oud instrument made its way to Europe through Spain. In the 13th century, the crusaders introduced it back to Europe, and in time, it became the lute. That’s why lute takes its name after the oud (‘le ut’ in old French), however it’s been added totally different options from oud, like frets.
The oud, additionally which turned the focal point within the Ottoman palace within the fifteenth century, gained an irreplaceable worth that the general public began to use in classical Turkish music within the 19th century.
Oud instrument has a large soundbox connected to a short neck. The instrument has a pear-shaped body which is a deep, striped bowl made from lightweight wood. The wood needs to be light because the bowl is meant to reverberate when it is struck. The soundboard, the front part of the body, comprises one or , generally three sound holes. These sound holes may be oval or they can be ornamented relying on the lands they’re played on. There is a piece of fish-skin or leather between the bridge and the sound hole in an effort to protect the belly from the strokes of the plectrum. The bowl of the oud is formed by thin woods or ribs bent over a mold. The number of the ribs varies from 16 to 21. The tuning pegs of the oud are screwed to the pegbox.
The quality of the material used within the making of the oudis important. The more the material is diverse, the better it sounds. A high-quality oud’s face is made from spruce. The tuning pegs and fingerboard are constructed from ebony. Maple, walnut, palisander and mahogany are used for the bowl.
The oud doesn’t have any commonplace dimension or number of strings. But basically, all the types of ouds have 11 gut strings which might be organized in five double-courses with a sixth, single bass string. Oud is performed with a plectrum. Its fretless neck allows the instrument to generate any intervals or microtones particular to the Center Jap music. Oud instrument is suitable so that you can enjoy Turkish, Iran or Arab music by playing makams/maqamat.
Oudis played according to two schools of performance. The first is “Ottoman” school and it accepts as precept the ornamentation of the sound, produced by delicate glissandos or the fingers and slight vibratos. The second approach is Egyptian approach, according to which the amount is amplified by firm strokes of the plectrum, which makes strings resonate. This type requires one other kind of virtuosity.
There are essentially six types of oud when they are considered according to their origin. These types of oud mostly differ in their timbre and there are small dimension differences between them.
Arabic oud is essentially the most known oud instrument type and maybe the most well-liked because of its romantic, rich and deep sound. It is heavier and slightly bigger evaluating to Turkish ouds. Turkish ouds are employed in Turkey and Greece. They’ve a more treble sound. Syrian oud, which is a sub-type of Arabic oud generates a number of overtones. Iraqi ouds may additionally be categorised under Arabic ouds. Its strings are tied to the bottom of the instrument. Because of this function, it is said that it has a floating bridge. Iranian oud, which can be called Barbat is more distinct and as a consequence of its shape, it has a bass, deep, Persian sound.
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