A musical instrument with a large stomach, a short and curved handle, a beam and a plectrum. Its curved back is made of 19 or 21 boards within the shape of a circle. The body is hollow. In the middle of the entrance part called the chest, there are two small cavities on the sides called “roses”.
Oud instrument (written as “ud” in Turkish) is the ancestor of the European lute, name of which derives from “al-ud”. It is not a native Turkish instrument however it has been performed in Anatolia for at the very least five centuries. Besides, in the history, the oud has been played by a number of civilizations in Central Asia, Mesopotamia, Iran, Arabia. Accordingly, there are several types of ouds besides Turkish oud. The oud instrument occupies an awesome place in Turkish Art Music, Turkish urban music (in fasil orchestras) and in arabesk music. Oud has been known from the paperwork and oral tradition as the king, sultan or emir of musical instruments.
History of Oud
In some sources, it is said that Farabi invented the oud, however long earlier than Farabi, there are oud and comparable devices in miniatures and reliefs. The principle reason why Farabi is perceived as an inventor is that he is a musician who has mastered the oud and the tuning system he dropped at the oud. Farabi, who was a type of who gave the most complete information about the oud in his interval, added the fifth string to the oud, which was a 4-string instrument till that time. Concerning the oud, Ibn Sina (980/1037) from Farabi says in his book Kitabu’ş Şifa that it is without doubt one of the most famous instruments. Tells technical information comparable to chords and pitches with figures. While musical devices were mentioned in the Ikhwan-i Safa tracts within the 10th century, it was stated that essentially the most beautiful of these was the oud.
The frets on the handle of the oud, preserved within the Farabi period, had been abandoned towards the tip of the tenth century. The oud was previously played with a wooden plectrum. The well-known Andalusian musician Ziryab (eleventh century) changed it with a plectrum made of eagle feather. Right now, plectrums made of flexible plastic are usually used.
The oud instrument made its way to Europe through Spain. In the thirteenth century, the crusaders introduced it back to Europe, and in time, it became the lute. That’s why lute takes its name after the oud (‘le ut’ in old French), but it’s been added different options from oud, like frets.
The oud, also which grew to become the focal point within the Ottoman palace within the fifteenth century, gained an irreplaceable worth that the public started to use in classical Turkish music in the nineteenth century.
Oud instrument has a big soundbox linked to a short neck. The instrument has a pear-shaped body which is a deep, striped bowl made from lightweight wood. The wood must be light because the bowl is meant to reverberate when it is struck. The soundboard, the entrance part of the body, comprises one or two, generally three sound holes. These sound holes could also be oval or they are often ornamented relying on the lands they’re performed on. There’s a piece of fish-skin or leather between the bridge and the sound gap to be able to protect the stomach from the strokes of the plectrum. The bowl of the oud is shaped by thin woods or ribs bent over a mold. The number of the ribs varies from sixteen to 21. The tuning pegs of the oud are screwed to the pegbox.
The quality of the fabric used within the making of the oudis important. The more the material is numerous, the better it sounds. A high-quality oud’s face is made from spruce. The tuning pegs and fingerboard are constructed from ebony. Maple, walnut, palisander and mahogany are used for the bowl.
The oud doesn’t have any commonplace dimension or number of strings. Yet typically, all the types of ouds have eleven intestine strings that are organized in 5 double-programs with a sixth, single bass string. Oud is played with a plectrum. Its fretless neck allows the instrument to generate any intervals or microtones particular to the Center Eastern music. Oud instrument is suitable for you to enjoy Turkish, Iran or Arab music by taking part in makams/maqamat.
Oudis performed according to 2 schools of performance. The primary is “Ottoman” school and it accepts as precept the ornamentation of the sound, produced by delicate glissandos or the fingers and slight vibratos. The second approach is Egyptian approach, according to which the amount is amplified by firm strokes of the plectrum, which makes strings resonate. This fashion requires one other kind of virtuosity.
There are essentially six types of oud when they are considered according to their origin. Those types of oud largely differ of their timbre and there are small measurement variations between them.
Arabic oud is the most known oud instrument type and maybe the preferred because of its romantic, rich and deep sound. It’s heavier and slightly bigger evaluating to Turkish ouds. Turkish ouds are employed in Turkey and Greece. They’ve a more treble sound. Syrian oud, which is a sub-type of Arabic oud generates a number of overtones. Iraqi ouds may be classified under Arabic ouds. Its strings are tied to the bottom of the instrument. Because of this characteristic, it is said that it has a floating bridge. Iranian oud, which can also be called Barbat is more distinct and because of its form, it has a bass, deep, Persian sound.
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