A musical instrument with a large belly, a short and curved handle, a beam and a plectrum. Its curved back is made of 19 or 21 boards within the shape of a circle. The body is hollow. In the course of the entrance section called the chest, there are small cavities on the sides called “roses”.
Oud instrument (written as “ud” in Turkish) is the ancestor of the European lute, name of which derives from “al-ud”. It isn’t a local Turkish instrument but it has been performed in Anatolia for no less than 5 centuries. Besides, within the history, the oud has been played by several civilizations in Central Asia, Mesopotamia, Iran, Arabia. Accordingly, there are a number of types of ouds besides Turkish oud. The oud instrument occupies an awesome place in Turkish Artwork Music, Turkish city music (in fasil orchestras) and in arabesk music. Oud has been known from the paperwork and oral tradition because the king, sultan or emir of musical instruments.
History of Oud
In some sources, it is said that Farabi invented the oud, however long earlier than Farabi, there are oud and comparable instruments in miniatures and reliefs. The main reason why Farabi is perceived as an inventor is that he is a musician who has mastered the oud and the tuning system he delivered to the oud. Farabi, who was a kind of who gave probably the most complete information concerning the oud in his interval, added the 5th string to the oud, which was a 4-string instrument until that time. Concerning the oud, Ibn Sina (980/1037) from Farabi says in his book Kitabu’ş Şifa that it is likely one of the most well-known instruments. Tells technical information such as chords and pitches with figures. While musical instruments had been talked about in the Ikhwan-i Safa tracts in the 10th century, it was acknowledged that probably the most stunning of these was the oud.
The frets on the handle of the oud, preserved within the Farabi interval, were abandoned towards the top of the tenth century. The oud was previously played with a wooden plectrum. The well-known Andalusian musician Ziryab (11th century) replaced it with a plectrum made of eagle feather. As we speak, plectrums made of versatile plastic are generally used.
The oud instrument made its way to Europe through Spain. In the thirteenth century, the crusaders introduced it back to Europe, and in time, it became the lute. That’s why lute takes its name after the oud (‘le ut’ in old French), but it’s been added totally different features from oud, like frets.
The oud, also which turned the center of attention in the Ottoman palace within the fifteenth century, gained an irreplaceable value that the public started to make use of in classical Turkish music in the 19th century.
Oud instrument has a large soundbox linked to a short neck. The instrument has a pear-shaped body which is a deep, striped bowl made from lightweight wood. The wood ought to be light because the bowl is meant to reverberate when it is struck. The soundboard, the front part of the body, contains one or , generally three sound holes. These sound holes may be oval or they can be ornamented relying on the lands they’re played on. There’s a piece of fish-skin or leather between the bridge and the sound gap so as to protect the stomach from the strokes of the plectrum. The bowl of the oud is shaped by thin woods or ribs bent over a mold. The number of the ribs varies from sixteen to 21. The tuning pegs of the oud are screwed to the pegbox.
The quality of the fabric used within the making of the oudis important. The more the material is diverse, the better it sounds. A high-quality oud’s face is made from spruce. The tuning pegs and fingerboard are constructed from ebony. Maple, walnut, palisander and mahogany are used for the bowl.
The oud doesn’t have any normal size or number of strings. Yet basically, all of the types of ouds have 11 intestine strings which can be organized in five double-courses with a sixth, single bass string. Oud is performed with a plectrum. Its fretless neck permits the instrument to generate any intervals or microtones particular to the Middle Japanese music. Oud instrument is suitable for you to enjoy Turkish, Iran or Arab music by playing makams/maqamat.
Oudis played according to two schools of performance. The first is “Ottoman” school and it accepts as principle the ornamentation of the sound, produced by delicate glissandos or the fingers and slight vibratos. The second approach is Egyptian approach, according to which the quantity is amplified by firm strokes of the plectrum, which makes strings resonate. This model requires another kind of virtuosity.
There are essentially six types of oud when they are considered according to their origin. These types of oud mostly differ of their timbre and there are small dimension variations between them.
Arabic oud is the most known oud instrument type and perhaps the most well-liked because of its romantic, rich and deep sound. It is heavier and slightly bigger evaluating to Turkish ouds. Turkish ouds are employed in Turkey and Greece. They have a more treble sound. Syrian oud, which is a sub-type of Arabic oud generates lots of overtones. Iraqi ouds may additionally be categorized under Arabic ouds. Its strings are tied to the underside of the instrument. Because of this characteristic, it is said that it has a floating bridge. Iranian oud, which can also be called Barbat is more distinct and because of its shape, it has a bass, deep, Persian sound.
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