A musical instrument with a large belly, a short and curved handle, a beam and a plectrum. Its curved back is made of 19 or 21 boards within the shape of a circle. The body is hollow. In the course of the entrance section called the chest, there are two small cavities on the sides called “roses”.
Oud instrument (written as “ud” in Turkish) is the ancestor of the European lute, name of which derives from “al-ud”. It isn’t a local Turkish instrument but it has been performed in Anatolia for at least five centuries. Besides, in the history, the oud has been performed by several civilizations in Central Asia, Mesopotamia, Iran, Arabia. Accordingly, there are a number of types of ouds besides Turkish oud. The oud instrument occupies an amazing place in Turkish Artwork Music, Turkish urban music (in fasil orchestras) and in arabesk music. Oud has been known from the paperwork and oral tradition as the king, sultan or emir of musical instruments.
History of Oud
In some sources, it is said that Farabi invented the oud, however lengthy before Farabi, there are oud and similar devices in miniatures and reliefs. The principle reason why Farabi is perceived as an inventor is that he’s a musician who has mastered the oud and the tuning system he brought to the oud. Farabi, who was a kind of who gave the most complete information about the oud in his period, added the 5th string to the oud, which was a four-string instrument until that time. In regards to the oud, Ibn Sina (980/1037) from Farabi says in his book Kitabu’ş Şifa that it is among the most famous instruments. Tells technical information equivalent to chords and pitches with figures. While musical instruments had been talked about in the Ikhwan-i Safa tracts within the tenth century, it was stated that probably the most stunning of these was the oud.
The frets on the handle of the oud, preserved in the Farabi period, had been abandoned towards the tip of the tenth century. The oud was beforehand performed with a wooden plectrum. The famous Andalusian musician Ziryab (eleventh century) replaced it with a plectrum made of eagle feather. Immediately, plectrums made of flexible plastic are typically used.
The oud instrument made its way to Europe through Spain. In the 13th century, the crusaders brought it back to Europe, and in time, it turned the lute. That’s why lute takes its name after the oud (‘le ut’ in old French), however it’s been added totally different features from oud, like frets.
The oud, also which turned the focal point in the Ottoman palace within the fifteenth century, gained an irreplaceable worth that the general public began to make use of in classical Turkish music within the nineteenth century.
Oud instrument has a large soundbox connected to a brief neck. The instrument has a pear-shaped body which is a deep, striped bowl made from lightweight wood. The wood should be light because the bowl is supposed to reverberate when it is struck. The soundboard, the entrance part of the body, incorporates one or two, typically three sound holes. These sound holes could also be oval or they can be ornamented depending on the lands they’re performed on. There’s a piece of fish-skin or leather between the bridge and the sound hole with a purpose to protect the stomach from the strokes of the plectrum. The bowl of the oud is formed by thin woods or ribs bent over a mold. The number of the ribs varies from 16 to 21. The tuning pegs of the oud are screwed to the pegbox.
The quality of the fabric used within the making of the oudis important. The more the fabric is numerous, the better it sounds. A high-quality oud’s face is made from spruce. The tuning pegs and fingerboard are constructed from ebony. Maple, walnut, palisander and mahogany are used for the bowl.
The oud doesn’t have any normal size or number of strings. But basically, all of the types of ouds have eleven gut strings that are organized in 5 double-programs with a sixth, single bass string. Oud is played with a plectrum. Its fretless neck allows the instrument to generate any intervals or microtones particular to the Center Jap music. Oud instrument is suitable so that you can enjoy Turkish, Iran or Arab music by playing makams/maqamat.
Oudis performed according to 2 schools of performance. The primary is “Ottoman” school and it accepts as precept the ornamentation of the sound, produced by delicate glissandos or the fingers and slight vibratos. The second approach is Egyptian approach, according to which the volume is amplified by firm strokes of the plectrum, which makes strings resonate. This fashion requires another kind of virtuosity.
There are essentially six types of oud when they’re considered according to their origin. These types of oud largely differ in their timbre and there are small dimension variations between them.
Arabic oud is the most known oud instrument type and possibly the most well-liked because of its romantic, rich and deep sound. It is heavier and slightly bigger evaluating to Turkish ouds. Turkish ouds are employed in Turkey and Greece. They’ve a more treble sound. Syrian oud, which is a sub-type of Arabic oud generates numerous overtones. Iraqi ouds can also be categorized under Arabic ouds. Its strings are tied to the underside of the instrument. Because of this function, it is said that it has a floating bridge. Iranian oud, which is also called Barbat is more distinct and on account of its form, it has a bass, deep, Persian sound.
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